The Christian religion –as of now- is an innovated one, which was changed after the Jesus. They altered the teachings of Jesus, and thus went astray because of this alteration. So, they were sinners because of this innovation and changes they deliberately made to the teachings of Jesus. When the true global Prophet, Muhammad – peace be upon him- came, they (i.e., Christians) disbelieved in him, and with this they added a new sin with their previous sin. The first sin is the change of the first messenger’s religion, and the second sin is the belying of the second messenger.
There Jews and Christians are enemies among themselves. Focusing on Jesus they take two extremes. One extreme (Jews) say that Jesus was a magician, a liar, son of prostitute, etc. The other extreme (Christians) claim that Jesus created everything, and with reward and punish in the world hereafter, etc. So - because of this extreme opinions about Jesus- each group blame the other more than they deserve.
Allah says: “And the Jews say the Christians follow nothing (true), and the Christians say the Jews follow nothing (true); yet both are readers of the Scripture. Even thus speak those who know not. Allah will judge between them on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein they differ.” [Al-Baqarah (2): 113]
The Jews deny Jesus although in Torah Moses took oath from Jews to follow Jesus when he comes. The Christians deny Torah, although Jesus came to establish Torah and make only minor modifications.
So after Jesus, the Christians were sinners because of their excessive enmity of Jews and not following the teachings of Torah which was not abrogated by Gospel. But the Jews –after Jesus- became clear infidels (Kafirs) because of denying Jesus.
Allah says: “O ye who believe! Be Allah's helpers, even as Jesus son of Mary said unto the disciples: Who are my helpers for Allah? They said: We are Allah's helpers. And a party of the Children of Israel believed, while a party disbelieved. Then We strengthened those who believed against their foe, and they became the uppermost.” [As-Saf (61): 14]
However, the disbelief of Christians in Muhammad –peace be upon him- and his religion is far greater than the disbelief of Jews in Jesus, because Jesus did not void from Torah except a little and most of the rulings of Jesus are referrals to Torah, and most of the inventions came after Jesus. So, Gospel is a follower of Torah, but Quran is a stand alone book. This is why in many verses in Quran there are comparisions between Quran and Torah only.
“But when there came unto them (i.e., infidels of Makkah) the Truth from Our presence (i.e., Quran) , they said: Why is he not given the like of what was given unto Moses? Did they not disbelieve in that which was given unto Moses of old? They say: Two magics that support each other; and they say: Lo! in both we are disbelievers. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Then bring a scripture from the presence of Allah that giveth clearer guidance than these two (that) I may follow it, if ye are truthful.” [al-Qasas (28) : 48,49]
Source: summary from:
Ibn Taymiyah.Al-Jawab as-Saheeh Liman Baddala Deen al-Messeih. Vol. 1 pp109-119
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Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book, (the Qur'ân) in which there is your reminder (and Honor). Will you not then understand? [Quran al-Anbiay (21):10]
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