The religion which I Allah has chosen is Islam which was the Religion of all Prophets. Allah will not accept any religion other than this, neither from the predecessors nor the successors.
Recite unto them the story of Noah, when he told his people: O my people! If my sojourn (here) and my reminding you by Allah's revelations are an offence unto you, in Allah have I put my trust, so decide upon your course of action you and your partners. Let not your course of action be in doubt for you. Then have at me, give me no respite. But if ye are averse I have asked of you no wage. My wage is the concern of Allah only, and I am commanded to be of those who are Muslims. [ Yunus 10 : 71,72]
And who forsaketh the religion of Abraham save him who befooleth himself ? Verily We chose him in the world, and lo! in the Hereafter he is among the righteous. When his Lord said unto him: Be Muslim (i.e. Surrender)! he said: I have surrendered to the Lord of the Worlds. The same did Abraham enjoin upon his sons, and also Jacob, (saying): O my sons! Lo! Allah hath chosen for you the (true) religion; therefore die not save as men who are Muslims (i.e., have surrendered (unto Him)). [ Baqarah 2: 130-132]
O my Lord! Thou hast given me (something) of sovereignty and hast taught me (something) of the interpretation of events - Creator of the heavens and the earth! Thou art my Protecting Guardian in the world and the Hereafter. Make me to die Muslim (unto Thee), and join me to the righteous. [Yousuf 12: 101]
And you take vengeance on us only because we believed in the signs of our Lord when they reached us! Our Lord! pour out on us patience, and cause us to die as Muslims. [ al-Aaraf 7: 126]
Suleiman (Solomon) and Bilqis: The Queen of Sheba
The Queen of Sheba said:
قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ سُلَيْمَانَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (44)“My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, and I am a Muslim (i.e., submit) with Solomon to Allah, Lord of the worlds.” [ an-Naml 27 : 44]
All Prophets of the Children of Israel
Allah says about the Prophets of the children of Israel
Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who became Muslims (i.e., submitted to Allah) judged by it for the Jews… [al-Maedah 5 : 44]
But when Jesus felt [persistence in] disbelief from them, he said : “Who are my supporters for [the cause of] Allah?” The disciples said: “We are supporters for Allah. We have believed in Allah and testifythat we are Muslims [submitting to Him]” [Aal-Imran 3: 52]
Conclusion
So the religion of all prophets has been the Islam which means to worship Allah alone without having any partner with Allah, and to worship Allah – at each period and each location – through obeying the command of the Messengers of Allah. So, one would never be a believer without worshiping Allah by following the commands of His Messengers. And one will never be believer without having belief in all previous Messengers plus following the current Messenger. So every Messenger must be followed till the next Messenger comes, and at that moment the obedience should be to the commands of the second Messenger.
Source: Adapted from Ibn Taymiyyah “Al-Jawab al-Saheeh Liman Baddala Deen al-Masseih” vol.1 pp 81-84
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Indeed, We have sent down for you (O mankind) a Book, (the Qur'ân) in which there is your reminder (and Honor). Will you not then understand? [Quran al-Anbiay (21):10]